Peptide Encyclopedia & Longevity Stacking

A curated, research-linked reference for 12 core peptides, their causal mechanisms with confidence scoring, interactive stack building, protocols, and the best independent voices on the topic — led by Dr. Seeds.

12 Core Peptides47 Causal Models12 PubMed Citations10 Video Deep-Dives5 Vetted Vendors
⚠ Disclaimer: This information is for educational and research purposes only. Not medical advice. Peptides are research chemicals not approved for human consumption by the FDA. Always consult a qualified healthcare provider before considering any substance.

Peptide Encyclopedia

Each entry shows the causal model — stimulus → effect — with an evidence-confidence bar and the underlying mechanism.
Peptide

BPC-157

BPC-157 administration Accelerated wound healing
Upregulation of VEGF and eNOS, promoting angiogenesis and blood flow to injured tissue
Confidence
90%
BPC-157 administration Protection of gastric mucosa
Modulation of nitric oxide synthase, regulation of prostaglandin synthesis, and antioxidant activity
Confidence
85%
BPC-157 administration Tendon and ligament healing
Increased fibroblast proliferation, collagen synthesis, and angiogenesis at the injury site
Confidence
85%
BPC-157 administration Reduced systemic inflammation
Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha, and NF-kB pathway
Confidence
80%
BPC-157 administration Neuroprotection
Protection of dopaminergic neurons, reduction of oxidative stress in neural tissue
Confidence
70%
Peptide

TB-500

TB-500 administration Enhanced tissue regeneration
Actin sequestration enabling cell migration and differentiation
Confidence
85%
TB-500 administration Angiogenesis
Upregulation of VEGF and activation of the Akt signaling pathway
Confidence
85%
TB-500 administration Reduced inflammation
Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and modulation of immune cell migration
Confidence
80%
TB-500 administration Cardiac repair post-infarction
Promotion of cardiomyocyte survival, activation of epicardial progenitor cells
Confidence
75%
Peptide

GHK-Cu

GHK-Cu administration Increased collagen synthesis
Activation of matrix metalloproteinases and fibroblast collagen production
Confidence
90%
GHK-Cu administration Reduced wrinkle depth and improved skin elasticity
Copper-dependent superoxide dismutase activation, increased collagen and elastin synthesis
Confidence
85%
GHK-Cu administration Wound healing acceleration
Attraction of immune cells to wound site, promotion of angiogenesis and granulation tissue formation
Confidence
85%
GHK-Cu administration Antioxidant protection
Upregulation of antioxidant enzymes including catalase and superoxide dismutase
Confidence
80%
GHK-Cu administration Hair growth stimulation
Increased hair follicle size, prolonged anagen phase, reduced TGF-beta signaling
Confidence
70%
Peptide

Epitalon

Epitalon administration Telomerase activation
Increased expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)
Confidence
75%
Epitalon administration Extended lifespan in model organisms
Telomere elongation, reduced cellular senescence, improved mitochondrial function
Confidence
65%
Epitalon administration Restored pineal gland function
Normalization of melatonin secretion patterns, improved circadian rhythm regulation
Confidence
70%
Epitalon administration Improved immune function in aging
Restoration of T-cell function, reduced age-related immune decline
Confidence
65%
Peptide

MOTS-c

MOTS-c supplementation Improved insulin sensitivity
AMPK activation in skeletal muscle, enhanced glucose uptake, and reduced lipid accumulation
Confidence
80%
MOTS-c supplementation Increased mitochondrial biogenesis
Activation of PGC-1alpha, increased mitochondrial DNA replication
Confidence
75%
MOTS-c supplementation Lifespan extension in mice
Improved metabolic health, reduced age-related inflammation, maintained mitochondrial function
Confidence
70%
MOTS-c supplementation Reduced obesity and metabolic syndrome
AMPK-dependent metabolic reprogramming, increased fatty acid oxidation
Confidence
75%
Peptide

Humanin

Humanin overexpression Neuroprotection against Alzheimer's pathology
Binding to IGFBP-3, inhibition of Bax-mediated apoptosis, reduced amyloid-beta toxicity
Confidence
75%
Humanin administration Cardioprotection during ischemia
STAT3 activation, reduced oxidative stress, maintained mitochondrial membrane potential
Confidence
70%
Humanin administration Reduced apoptosis in aging cells
Inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore, suppression of caspase activation
Confidence
80%
Humanin administration Improved metabolic health
Enhanced insulin sensitivity, reduced inflammation through SOCS-3 pathway
Confidence
70%
Peptide

Semax

Semax administration Enhanced cognitive function and memory
Increased BDNF and NGF expression, enhanced neuroplasticity and synaptic transmission
Confidence
80%
Semax administration Reduced anxiety and stress response
Modulation of the HPA axis, reduced cortisol levels, increased serotonin activity
Confidence
75%
Semax administration Neuroprotection
Reduced oxidative stress, increased antioxidant enzyme activity in neural tissue
Confidence
80%
Semax administration Improved attention and focus
Increased dopamine and norepinephrine activity in prefrontal cortex
Confidence
75%
Peptide

Selank

Selank administration Anxiolytic effects without sedation
Modulation of GABA-A receptor subunits, increased serotonin 5-HT1A receptor activity
Confidence
80%
Selank administration Enhanced cognitive function
Increased BDNF expression, enhanced neuroplasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis
Confidence
75%
Selank administration Reduced inflammation in neural tissue
Modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced NF-kB activation
Confidence
70%
Selank administration Improved sleep quality
Normalization of circadian rhythms, reduced hyperarousal of the HPA axis
Confidence
70%
Peptide

Cerebrolysin

Cerebrolysin administration Enhanced neuroplasticity and cognitive recovery
BDNF and GDNF upregulation, increased synaptic density and dendritic branching
Confidence
85%
Cerebrolysin administration Reduced amyloid-beta accumulation
Inhibition of amyloid precursor protein processing, enhanced clearance of amyloid plaques
Confidence
75%
Cerebrolysin administration Stroke recovery improvement
Reduced infarct volume, enhanced angiogenesis and neurogenesis in peri-infarct tissue
Confidence
80%
Cerebrolysin administration Reduced neuroinflammation
Downregulation of microglial activation, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production
Confidence
75%
Peptide

Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1 administration Enhanced T-cell function
Increased T-cell proliferation, differentiation, and activation via TLR9 signaling
Confidence
85%
Thymosin Alpha-1 administration Improved immune response to infection
Enhanced NK cell activity, increased cytokine production, improved antigen presentation
Confidence
85%
Thymosin Alpha-1 administration Reduced inflammation in autoimmune conditions
Regulation of Th1/Th2 balance, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine production
Confidence
70%
Thymosin Alpha-1 administration Improved vaccine response in elderly
Restoration of age-related immune decline, enhanced antibody production
Confidence
80%
Peptide

AOD9604

AOD9604 administration Increased fat metabolism
Activation of lipolysis via beta-adrenergic receptors, increased fatty acid oxidation
Confidence
75%
AOD9604 administration Reduced fat accumulation
Inhibition of lipogenesis, reduced triglyceride storage in adipose tissue
Confidence
75%
AOD9604 administration Improved metabolic rate
Increased thermogenesis, enhanced mitochondrial uncoupling in brown adipose tissue
Confidence
70%
Peptide

NAD+ and Mitochondrial Health

NAD+ decline with age Reduced mitochondrial function and cellular energy
Decreased NAD+/NADH ratio impairs sirtuin activity, reduces ATP production, increases oxidative stress
Confidence
90%
NMN/NR supplementation Increased NAD+ levels and improved mitochondrial function
NAD+ precursor conversion via salvage pathway, activation of SIRT1-7 deacetylases
Confidence
85%

Stack Builder

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Recommended Protocols

BPC-157 + TB-500 protocol
Synergistic tissue repair cycle: 4-6 weeks BPC-157 + TB-500, followed by 2-4 weeks off
Complexity ●●●●●
Epitalon cycling
Epitalon 5-10mg daily for 10-20 days, repeated 2-4 times per year
Complexity ●●●●●
Cognitive stack
Semax 400-800mcg AM + Selank 400-800mcg PM for 2-4 weeks
Complexity ●●●●●
Longevity base protocol
NMN + MOTS-c + Epitalon as foundational longevity stack
Complexity ●●●●
GHK-Cu topical
GHK-Cu 1-2mg/cm2 daily for skin health and anti-aging
Complexity ●●●●●

Video Library

Independent breakdowns and clinical commentary. Dr. Seeds videos are highlighted.
Featured Educator

Dr. Seeds — the leading clinician voice on peptides for longevity, skin health, and regenerative medicine.

Research Citations

PubMed literature searches behind each peptide's causal models.

Vendor References

Established research-chemical vendors for third-party interest. Links are informational only.